← The evidence ledger
Evidence row 68092
Observed , by baseline/1.
- Kind
- listing
- About
- source_record x402_bazaar:https://api.polls.karbach.digital/v1/lobbying/ranking
- Recorded
- Previous row
- None: the first of its kind about this subject
- Body SHA-256
- 4dd787ddcebf2e72545ce6581adf7aff91ec49b47e6cff2588ca6268abc3268f
- Leaf
- 0x42c7e882749198d3cbdefc7567f653f67eb050a6591354b51b616a9c16953200
What was observed
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"description": "Who spends most on lobbying in Germany: top organisations, totals per field of interest and type. Use when asked who spends most on lobbying in Germany. Source-attributed, German data, updated every six hours.",
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"expenses_at_least_eur": 396421252,
"organizations": 1397
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"Datenschutz und Informationssicherheit": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 318420732,
"organizations": 829
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"Digitalisierung": {
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"organizations": 1241
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"EU-Binnenmarkt": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 376050935,
"organizations": 1016
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"EU-Gesetzgebung": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 543181666,
"organizations": 1853
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"Energienetze": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 297910800,
"organizations": 898
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"Erneuerbare Energien": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 389981298,
"organizations": 1483
},
"Industriepolitik": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 391661194,
"organizations": 1352
},
"Klimaschutz": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 492141755,
"organizations": 1981
},
"Nachhaltigkeit und Ressourcenschutz": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 512571890,
"organizations": 2133
},
"Verbraucherschutz": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 312210869,
"organizations": 954
},
"Wettbewerbsrecht": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 345580814,
"organizations": 896
},
"Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 385371758,
"organizations": 2109
},
"Öffentliche Finanzen, Steuern und Abgaben": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 406081017,
"organizations": 1120
}
},
"by_type": {
"Arbeitgeberverband": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 8490068,
"organizations": 72
},
"Außenhandelskammer, bilaterale Industrie- und Handelskammer, bilateraler Wirtschaftsverband": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 1260027,
"organizations": 37
},
"Beratungsunternehmen, selbständige Beraterin oder selbständiger Berater": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 29270229,
"organizations": 302
},
"Berufsverband": {
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"organizations": 619
},
"Kirche oder andere Religions- oder Weltanschauungsgemeinschaft": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 1040014,
"organizations": 16
},
"Nichtregierungsorganisation (NGO)": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 41510241,
"organizations": 279
},
"Plattform, Netzwerk, Interessengemeinschaft, Denkfabrik, Initiative, Aktionsbündnis o. ä.": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 5890192,
"organizations": 348
},
"Privatrechtlich organisierter Zusammenschluss von Kammern": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 4810007,
"organizations": 9
},
"Privatrechtliche Organisation": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 65860394,
"organizations": 487
},
"Privatrechtliche Organisation mit Anerkennung der Gemeinnützigkeit nach Abgabenordnung": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 79801218,
"organizations": 1481
},
"Sonstige juristische Person des öffentlichen Rechts": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 5310031,
"organizations": 40
},
"Unternehmen": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 329721735,
"organizations": 2061
},
"Wirtschaftsverband oder Gewerbeverband/-verein": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 227650705,
"organizations": 750
},
"Wissenschaft, Hochschule oder Forschungseinrichtung": {
"expenses_at_least_eur": 14780084,
"organizations": 111
}
},
"note": "expenses_at_least_eur sums the lower bound of each published range; an organisation counts in every field it lists.",
"organizations_total": 6652,
"top_spenders": [
{
"active": true,
"detail": "https://api.polls.karbach.digital/v1/lobbying/R000774",
"employees_fte": 31.21,
"fields_of_interest": [
"Verkehrsinfrastruktur",
"Straßenverkehr"
],
"fiscal_year": [
"2025-01-01",
"2025-12-31"
],
"lobbying_expenses_eur": {
"from": 15830001,
"to": 15840000
},
"name": "Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e.V.",
"register_number": "R000774",
"register_url": "https://www.lobbyregister.bundestag.de/suche/R000774/87350",
"regulatory_projects": 135,
"statements": 198,
"type": "Wirtschaftsverband oder Gewerbeverband/-verein"
},
{
"active": true,
"detail": "https://api.polls.karbach.digital/v1/lobbying/R001211",
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"2025-12-31"
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"lobbying_expenses_eur": {
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},
"name": "Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverband e.V.",
"register_number": "R001211",
"register_url": "https://www.lobbyregister.bundestag.de/suche/R001211/86523",
"regulatory_projects": 119,
"statements": 193,
"type": "Nichtregierungsorganisation (NGO)"
}
]
},
"docs": "https://api.polls.karbach.digital/v1/",
"model": null,
"notice": "Scenario analysis based on published opinion polls. Not a prediction and not a voting recommendation. Coalitions are arithmetic majorities only, not statemen...",
"project": "Ein Projekt von Karbach.Digital (https://karbach.digital)",
"source": {
"lobby_register": "Deutscher Bundestag, Lobbyregister (public JSON download of the register search)",
"lobby_register_note": "© Deutscher Bundestag; amounts are published ranges; organisations only, natural persons excluded",
"polls": "dawum.de",
"polls_license": "ODbL 1.0",
"polls_license_url": "https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/",
"processing": "polls.karbach.digital (Max Karbach)"
},
"uncertainty": null,
"updated_at": "2026-10-18T16:26:35.592+02:00"
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"summary": "Who spends most on lobbying in Germany: top organisations, totals per field of interest and type. Use when asked who spends most on lobbying in Germany. Source-attributed, German data, updated every six hours."
}What the leaf hashes
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Fold these into the leaf in order, hashing each sorted pair with keccak256, to reach the root of (296695 rows).
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- Day root
- 0xf43e8dcc3d451a4788b26be904c55e8c4c0fa75c9666796c51db38d37e2c0df8
- Chained
- 0x702d5ac508f08b0d1accf36af25822d8e5660367494edd17a642fb61e158a57a
- Published
- On Arc Testnet, block 69251483: 0x495162f8936e19f0039918feebe6c307f327cd6bf8c37219620b1970041fa9ae